課文詳注 Further notes on the text
1．The Wayle is a small river that cuts across the park near my home. 威爾河是橫穿過我家附近公園的一條小河。
在這句話中，that引導的定語從句修飾 a small river，關系代詞that在從句中作主語。地點狀語 near my home修飾 the park。
2．I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons. 我喜歡在天氣晴朗的下午到河邊坐坐。
（1）by在此處表示“在……旁邊／近旁”。
（2）afternoon為復數形式，表示經常性的情況，因此謂語為一般現在時。由于afternoon前面有修飾詞，因此要用介詞on。
morning，evening與它的用法一致。試比較：
3．…it went towards a passing boat.……球便向著一只劃過來的小船飛去。
（1）go在此處不是指人“走”，而是指球“行進”。
（2）passing為現在分詞，作定語，表示“經過的”、“劃過來的”，如a passing plane（一架飛過的飛機）。
4．Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat…岸上的一些人對著小船上的人高喊……
call out表示“大聲呼叫”、“叫喊”，比call語氣要重：
I heard someone calling out for help.
我聽到有人在大聲呼救。
Mary called out to her father, but he was too far away and couldn't hear her.
瑪麗對著她的父親高喊，但他離得太遠了，聽不到她的喊叫。
5．The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water.
球重重地打在他身上，使他差點兒落入水中。
so +形容詞+that通常引導結果狀語從句，表示“如此……以至于……”：
The book was so interesting that I read it in two hours.
這本書如此有趣，我兩個小時就把它看完了。
The box is so heavy that I can't lift it without your help.
這箱子太重了，以至于沒有你的幫助我無法把它舉起來。
這個結構也可以用于so +副詞+that從句結構：
He ran so quickly that no one could catch up with him.
他跑得非常快，沒人能趕上他。
It rained so hard that we couldn't go out.
雨下得很大，我們無法出去。
在口語中，引導詞that往往可以省略。
6．I turned to look at the children, but there weren't any in sight…我轉過頭去看那些孩子，但一個也不見……
（1）any代替 any children。
（2） in sight表示“看得見”、“在視野之內”，反義詞為 out of sight：
No bus is in sight.
看不見任何公共汽車。
Mary came in sight when I was waiting for Lucy.
我等露西的時候，瑪麗出現了。
In the afternoon, we came in sight of the village.
下午時，我們見到了那座村莊。
George left the store and was soon out of sight.
喬治離開了那商店，不久便不見了。
語法 Grammar in use
a，the，some與any的用法
在第6課的語法中，我們學習了a，the和some的一些基本用法。與some意義相近的另一個單詞是any，它們都表示“一些”。some通常用于肯定句：
There are some eggs in the fridge.
冰箱里有些雞蛋。
There is some milk in the fridge.
冰箱里有些牛奶。
any通常用于否定句和疑問句中：
There isn't any meat in the fridge.
冰箱里沒肉了。
但是，在疑問句中如果所期望的回答是肯定的，則可以用some：
我們已經知道，在姓名、地名、國名（非復合詞）前面通常不加任何冠詞。但是，在特指的海洋、河流、山脈以及部分復合詞形式的國名前，一定要用定冠詞the：
He came from the United States of America.
他來自美國。
John lives in London which is on the Thames.
約翰住在泰晤士河畔的倫敦。
在表示世界上獨一無二的東西時，通常要加定冠詞the：The moon is very pale tonight.
今晚月光很朦朧。
The sun is bright today.
今天陽光明媚。
在 such后面用 a/an，可以起強調作用：
詞匯學習 Word study
1．cut
（1）vt．，vi．切，割，剪：
Would you please cut the cake in half?
請把蛋糕切成兩半好嗎？
I read this story in the paper this morning and cut it out for you.
今天上午我在報紙上讀到這個故事便給你剪下來了。
（2）vt．割破，劃破：
He shaved hurriedly this morning and cut himself badly.
他今天早上匆匆忙忙地刮臉，刮破了不少地方。
（3）vi．橫穿，穿越（介詞用 across/through）：
The Wayle cuts across a park.
威爾河橫穿過一個公園。
The road cuts across/through the forest.
這條路穿過森林。
2．row
（1）vt．，vi．劃船：
Have you ever learned to row (a boat)?
你學過劃船嗎？
John rowed across the lake quickly.
約翰很快劃到了湖那邊。
（2）vt．劃船載運：
Can you row me up/across the river?
你能劃船將我送到河的上游／對岸嗎？
He rowed her home.
他劃船把她送回家。
練習答案 Key to written exercises
1．關鍵句型練習答案
C 1 Yes, I took some (photographs). No, I didn't take any (photographs).
2 Yes, I bought some (bread). No, I didn't buy any (bread).
3 Yes, I saw some (people). No, I didn't see any (people).
D 1 Refrigerators are necessary in hot countries.
2 Which river is the longest, the Nile, the Amazon, or the Mississippi?
3 Heyerdahl crossed the Pacific on a raft.
4 Why is Britain sometimes called the United Kingdom?
5 We sailed up the Red Sea and then went through the Suez Canal.
2．多項選擇題答案
1a 2a 3d 4a 5b 6c
7c 8c 9d 10a 11d 12d
